Studying the impact of Economic changes on consumption pattern and its relationship to food security in Egypt

The problem of food security and food needs for the population is one of the most important problems that the State is seeking to address through policies that increase self-sufficiency, reduce the food gap and achieve food security, particularly among strategic commodities. The aim of the research was to study the impact of the erosion of Egypt's consumption pattern during the period 2007-2021 by means of the following sub-goals: to estimate the equal purchasing power per capita at the same level of food as when prices change; to assess the most important economic features of Egypt's consumption of the most important food groups; to develop the relative importance of per capita calorie, protein and fat; and to estimate the food security index for Egypt's most important food groups. The impact of the economic reform policy was studied during the research period (2007/2021), so the research period was divided into three periods: The initial period is the period of relative stability (2007/2010). 2. The second period is the period of revolution and its aftermath has affected all sectors, including the agricultural sector, in particular the prices of inputs from (2011/2016)3. The third period is the period of exchange rate liberalization, the beginning of a new economic reform policy and the repercussions of the Corona crisis from (2017/2021).
The research has yielded several findings, the most important of which are:
The consumer price index increased steadily over three periods, with an estimated increase of 230.2% between the first and third periods. The inflation rate estimate showed an increase of about 29.5% between the first and third periods. This is due to the global rise in prices due to the lack of supply, as well as the rise in demand as a result of successive population increases and exchange rate liberalization. A study of the concept of purchasing power parity shows that poor people's income for the third period (2017-2021) must rise by about 973.2 percent from that for the first period (2007-2010) so that the poor will remain at the same level as their living standards. This outcome no doubt illustrates the importance of careful redistribution of support and the most appropriate ways of delivering it to the poor, especially food commodities. It turns out that the grain group ranks first in the food groups, producing and consuming, with self-sufficiency. Plant food products are the main source of food per capita for calories, proteins, and fat during research periods. There is an imbalance in the food components and the individual's dependence primarily on grains, and this imbalance manifests itself in a clear sense where one receives more than two-thirds of the calories of grain, followed by diabetes, oil and fat, and then red meat. The decline in the food security factor for the grain and sugar pool has been shown to mean that the State must take steps to raise the value of the plant by increasing production, rationalizing the landings and securing imports by not relying on a single source. The state must take steps to raise the value of the laboratory to the Red Meat Group by taking care of the animal wealth and providing the necessary feeds. The research recommends: increasing the agricultural patch of cereal crops through the restoration of new land to increase production, increasing oil crop production through the establishment of a guarantee price to encourage farmers and the establishment of oil production plants. Taking care of the animal feather by maintaining the local strain and providing the necessary feeds. Not to rely on a single source to obtain imports from the most important food groups and to provide currency for food security. Implement strategies and policies commensurate with the possibilities and resources available to solve the problem of food security and create economic and social development.