Exploring The Genetical Background and Performance Stability of Some Egyptian Rice Genotypes to Water Stress

Document Type : Original research paper

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Agricultural Research Center, 33717, Sakha, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt

Abstract

Global climate change effects on plant development, root system, growth and grain yield traits were investigated. Nine genotypes were evaluated for genetic diversity using selected SSR markers, along with various physiological, morphological, root, and yield-related traits under both normal and drought conditions to assess performance stability. Results showed highly significant variations for all traits due to genotype × environment interaction. The most desirable genotypes for the root system were Sakha105, Sakha104, IRAT170, and Moroberekan. The highest mean value for sterility percentage was found with Sakha109, while the lowest mean value was displayed with Sakha107 under drought stress. For grain yield per plant, Sakha Super300 recorded the highest mean values, whereas Giza177 had the lowest under both conditions. Six SSR primers detected 84 fragments ranging from 107 to 3846 bp, 46 of which were polymorphic (representing54.76% polymorphism). The number of polymorphic fragments for each primer varied from 4 for primer RM451 to 11 for RM474. The dendrogram based on the GCARD similarity index and UPGMA method separated the nine genotypes into four main clusters. Genotypes Giza179, and Sakha104 were moderately drought-tolerant; the second group involved genotypes, Sakha107 and IRAT170, which were drought-tolerant; the third cluster included genotypes Sakha super300 was moderate tolerance and Moroberekan was tolerant to drought; and the fourth group included genotype Giza177 which was sensitive to drought tolerance. SSR marker analysis indicated the potential for some sensitive genotypes, such as Sakha109 and Sakha105, to possess genetic backgrounds that may contribute to moderate or high drought tolerance.

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